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The globe's first carbon projects were designed and implemented approximately 20 years ago following scientific insights that emissions of greenhouse gases needed to be mitigated. Visible in some of these early projects were the important aspects of social governance and local benefit sharing. The projects promised to be a panacea to environmental, social and economic problems in remote rural areas of developing countries. However, it took another decade before a wave of hundreds of carbon projects were launched. Many of the projects were offered under the mechanism of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, plus the role of conservation, sustainable forest management and carbon enhancement), as well as under a variety of voluntary schemes and national programs, public-private partnerships, and forestry-based investment initiatives. As decision-makers prepare the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climatic Change in Paris (COP21), Earthscan has released a book entitled `Carbon conflicts and forest landscapes in Africa', edited by Melissa Leach and Ian Scoones. According to the editors, the focus of the book is on what happens on the ground when carbon forestry projects arrive, what types of projects work, and, equally important, what doesn't work.

The globe's first carbon projects were designed and implemented approximately 20 years ago following scientific insights that emissions of greenhouse gases needed to be mitigated. Visible in some of these early projects were the important aspects of social governance and local benefit sharing. The projects promised to be a panacea to environmental, social and economic problems in remote rural areas of developing countries. However, it took another decade before a wave of hundreds of carbon projects were launched. Many of the projects were offered under the mechanism of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, plus the role of conservation, sustainable forest management and carbon enhancement), as well as under a variety of voluntary schemes and national programs, public-private partnerships, and forestry-based investment initiatives. As decision-makers prepare the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climatic Change in Paris (COP21), Earthscan has released a book entitled `Carbon conflicts and forest landscapes in Africa', edited by Melissa Leach and Ian Scoones. According to the editors, the focus of the book is on what happens on the ground when carbon forestry projects arrive, what types of projects work, and, equally important, what doesn't work.

"The authors provides a general introduction to non-knowledge in the context of sustainability and global change management. It questions if effective global change and sustainability management can ever be evidencebased, and it postulates that non-knowledge illiteracy paradoxically is a major challenge to the knowledge society and education. It gives an overview over different forms of relevant non-knowledge and suggests approaches to nonknowledge assessments for sustainability and how to integrate non-knowledge into education curricula, working towards a new age of enlightenment. Global change managers would be tasked with preparing society for the increasingly uncertain challenges of the future. This would include an induction in adaptive management strategies for complex systems that are characterised by indeterministic tendencies and high risk." (author's abstract)

"The authors provides a general introduction to non-knowledge in the context of sustainability and global change management. It questions if effective global change and sustainability management can ever be evidencebased, and it postulates that non-knowledge illiteracy paradoxically is a major challenge to the knowledge society and education. It gives an overview over different forms of relevant non-knowledge and suggests approaches to nonknowledge assessments for sustainability and how to integrate non-knowledge into education curricula, working towards a new age of enlightenment. Global change managers would be tasked with preparing society for the increasingly uncertain challenges of the future. This would include an induction in adaptive management strategies for complex systems that are characterised by indeterministic tendencies and high risk." (author's abstract).

Der Wald ist so viel mehr als Bäume! In ihrem ersten gemeinsamen Werk, das umfassend wie nie in die Geheimnisse des Waldes einführt, vereinen Deutschlands berühmtester Förster Peter Wohlleben und der renommierte Biologe Pierre L. Ibisch ihre herausragende Expertise und die neuesten Erkenntnisse der internationalen Wissenschaft. Sie bringen Licht ins Dickicht eines hoch komplexen Ökosystems. Anhand faszinierender Beispiele aus der Natur zeigen sie das ungeahnte Zusammenspiel der Pflanzen, Tiere, Mikroben, Viren, Pilze auf – eine Welt, in der kein Element ohne das andere existieren kann. Sie lassen uns den Wald erleben, wie wir ihn noch nicht kannten: als Supercomputer, Bioreaktor, Baumeister und Regenmacher. Auch wir Menschen sind Teil dieses fein austarierten Systems. Neueste wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse geben aber auch Anlass, unseren Umgang mit dem Wald kritisch zu hinterfragen. Unsere Geschichte, unsere Kultur, unsere gesamte Entwicklung ist untrennbar mit dem Wald verbunden. Die Autoren zeigen, wie sehr nicht nur unsere Vergangenheit, sondern vor allem auch unsere Zukunft vom Wald abhängt. Doch wie können wir die Wälder bewirtschaften, ohne dabei unsere Lebensgrundlagen zu zerstören? Gemeinsam blicken die Waldexperten in die Zukunft des Waldes und damit in die Zukunft des Menschen, der ohne Wald nicht sein kann. Nominiert als Wissensbuch des Jahres 2023 in der Kategorie Überblick

Aktuell existieren in mehreren Bundesländern kontrovers diskutierte Bemühungen, den Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften bzw. Fachhochschulen das Promotionsrecht zu gewähren. Handelt es sich hierbei um einen Irrweg? Sind die Hochschulen und ihr Personal damit überfordert? Oder geht es um eine folgerichtige Konsequenz der Akademisierung vieler Wissens- und Gesellschaftsbereiche? Handelt es sich gar um eine hochschulmachtpolitische Problematik? Die Autor_innen reflektieren den aktuellen Diskussionsstand und legen Vorschläge zum konstruktiven Gestalten der zukünftigen Hochschulentwicklung vor.

Effective protected areas reflect socio-ecological values, such as biodiversity and habitat maintenance, as well as human well-being. These values, which safeguard ecosystem services in protected areas, are treated as models for the sustainable preservation and use of resources. While there is much research on the effectiveness of protected areas in a variety of disciplines, the question is whether there is a common framework that uses remote sensing methods. We conducted a qualitative and a quantitative analysis of 44 peer-reviewed scientific papers utilizing remote sensing data in order to examine the effectiveness of protected areas. Very few studies to date have a wide or even a global geographical focus; instead, most quantify the effectiveness of protected areas by focusing on local-scale case studies and single indicators such as forest cover change. Methods that help integrate spatial selection approaches, to compare a protected area's characteristics with its surroundings, are increasingly being used. Based on this review, we argue for a multi-indicator-based framework on protected area effectiveness, including the development of a consistent set of socio-ecological indicators for a global analysis. In turn, this will allow for globally applicable use, including a concrete evaluation that considers the diversity of regional parameters, biome-specific variables, and political frameworks. Ideally, such a framework will enhance the monitoring and evaluation of global strategies and conventions.

Biosphärenreservat, UNESCO, Umwelt